High efficiency solutions

New developments in HVAC/R systems, driven by an increasingly competitive market and more restrictive regulations, are moving in the direction of reducing total CO₂ emissions.
On one hand, the use of natural refrigerants rather than synthetic ones such as HFCs drastically reduces direct CO₂ emissions. Nonetheless, this can only be accompanied by efficient systems that also help reduce indirect CO₂ emissions. When combining natural refrigerants and high efficiency, the use of the best technology becomes especially relevant, considering the unique characteristics of natural refrigerants, such as high pressures in R-744 (CO₂) cycles and the flammability of hydrocarbons.
This document is a compilation of the theory on natural refrigerants as well as energy saving technologies available to optimise their use and obtain systems with the lowest total CO₂ emissions.